Considered to be one of the most effective public health measures of the 20th Century, water fluoridation was cited as a major oral health benefit in the U.S. Surgeon General's report on oral health issued in 2000.

The report noted (p. 18) that during the 1930s researchers discovered that people living in communities with naturally fluoridated water supplies had fewer cases of dental caries than people living in communities who drank unfluoridated water.

"Although this measure has not been fully implemented, the results have been dramatic," the report noted. "Dental caries began to decline in the 1950s among children who grew up in fluoridated cities, and by the late 1970s, declines in decay were evident for many Americans.

"The application of oral science to improved diagnostic, treatment, and prevention strategies has saved billions of dollars per year in the nation's annual health bill. Even more significant, the result is that far fewer people are edentulous (toothless) today than a generation ago."